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An assault rifle, a military firearm that has been reduced in size to cartridges or projectiles, and has the ability to switch between semi-automatic and fully automatic fire. Because they are light and portable, yet capable of high volumes of fire with reasonable accuracy at today's combat ranges of 1,000–1,600 feet (300–500 meters), assault rifles have replaced powerful bolt-action rifles. and World War II-era semi-automatic rifles as standard infantry armor in modern armies.
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An indication of this new weapon was given in the First World War, when Vladimir Fedorov, the father of Russian automatic weapons, married the 6.5 mm Japanese Orysaka cartridge to an automatic rifle. In 1916 he introduced his new weapon, the Fedorov Automat. Due to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Fedorov received only about 3,200 weapons. yet they provided the way for the plan of the infantry.
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During World War II, Hugo Schmeisser designed a light rifle to fire the German 7.92mm Kurtz ("Short") cartridge, which was of the same quality as the Mauser cartridge, but lighter and shorter and therefore smaller. a powerful "middle" force. Variously known as the MP43, MP44, or Sturmgewehr ("Assault Rifle") 44, the weapon was loaded from a curved 30-round magazine and designed to fire most effectively at approximately 300 yards (270 meters). Only 425,000 to 440,000 of these rifles were produced — too few and too late for the German war effort — but they were based on a concept that would dominate infantry weapons in the 21st century.
Late in the war, the Soviets also began researching the 7.62mm intermediate rifle cartridge, which produced a muzzle velocity of 2,330 feet (710 meters) per second. Historical records indicate that they were under the influence of the champions, but to what extent is obscure. In 1947, a weapon designed by Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov was adopted, naming it the "Kalashnikov automatic". Like the German weapons, the AK-47 (weapons in the AK family had suffixes with the year of development) worked by drawing part of the hunting gases into a cylinder above the barrel. This actuated the piston, which returned against the spring, and forced the hammer into the next round. By turning the switch, the semi-automatic action could be changed to fully automatic, the rate of fire was 600 rounds per minute. The AK-47 is made of forged and milled steel, and weighs 10.6 pounds (4.8 kg) with a loaded 30-round magazine. The barrel of the AKM version introduced in 1959 was made of lighter sheet metal, which brought the weight to 8.3 lb (3.8 kg), while the AK-74 version, following western trends, was chambered for the 5 .45 mm cartridge. .
The Kalashnikov assault rifle became the standard infantry weapon after World War II. They have been received in many variations in countries around the world. By the end of the century, approximately 100 million AKs had been produced, more than any other firearm in history.
Western small arms were a slow development, mainly because the US insisted on maintaining a level of power with the M1. As a result, in 1953, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) reluctantly agreed to the 7.62 mm standard cartridge, which was half an inch shorter than the M1 cartridge, but of the same quality and power. To fire this new cartridge, the United States has produced an improved version of the M1 rifle, which has a 20-round magazine and is capable of selective fire. Designated the US 7.62mm M14 weapon, it replaced the M1 in early 1957. As a self-loading weapon, the M14 worked well, but it was too heavy to make a close-range weapon, and the extreme exclusion of NATO shells made it completely unplayable as an automatic weapon.
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Other NATO armies used the more convenient 7.62mm rifles, although these too used self-propelled guns rather than automatics. Most often these gas Fusil Automatique Léger (FAL) were introduced by the Belgian Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre in 1957, or the Gewehr 3 (G3) operated in West Germany by the Heckler firm. & Koch since 1959. Hundreds of thousands of guns have been sold in many countries.
After the Korean War (1950-53), American military researchers, regretting the weapon's spurs, began testing a .22-inch (5.56 mm) cartridge that propelled a lighter projectile with a much higher muzzle velocity of 3,000 feet (910 meters) per second. To fire this small trail high-velocity projectile in 1958, they chose the AR-15 rifle designed by Eugene Stoner for the ArmaLite division of the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation. The AR-15 was gas operated, but removed the piston instead of a tube that directed the flowing gases directly into the expansion chamber between the bolt and the bolt frame. By reducing the number of working parts and adapting the gun to a smaller cartridge, Stoner came up with light armor, which, even when fired by itself, produced moderate recoil and was still able to inflict lethal wounds at a distance of 300 yards (270 meters. ). and beyond. In 1962, the US Air Force adopted the AR-15, and the Department of Defense the M16. Five years later, when units involved in the Vietnam War discovered that it was the most effective weapon in close-quarters warfare, the US Army adopted the M16A1. The first complaints about the M16's propensity to fire were due to the training of improved maintenance equipment and the changed powder chemistry of the cartridge.
After the American forces received the M16 in Europe, a series of tests were carried out, which led to the decision in 1980 to adopt the standard 5.56 mm NATO cartridge. This fired a copper-jacketed projectile that, with a heavier lead core and steel nose, was more lethal at longer ranges than the original AR-15 bullet. The M16A2 switched this round and others trained to fire Nata's army. West Germany introduced the G41, a 5.56mm version of the G3, and Belgium replaced the FAL with the FNC.
But the trend towards more consistent designs does not end with the adoption of new rounds. Armies around the world were developing new compact assault rifles with a bullpup design in which the bolt, receiver and magazine were placed behind the grip and trigger, with most of the shoulder stock occupied by the action mechanism. This made the weapon much shorter than conventional designs in which the magazine and receiver were located in front of the trigger. As a result, weapons such as the Belgian Steyr AUG, the Chinese QBZ-95, and the Israeli IWI Tavor SAR were less than 30 inches (760 mm) in length compared to the M16, which was 39 inches (990 mm). In the 1990s, the US Army began producing the M4, a lighter and shorter version of the M16 carbine, which soon became the standard infantry weapon. American soldiers found the M4, with its 30-inch retracted butt, easier to use than the M16 in close-quarters urban combat during the 2003-11 Iraq War. Many of the newer assault rifles are built with lightweight wood and plastic magazines and aluminum receivers. In the military and firearms industry, assault rifles are defined as automatic rifles. However, the Assault Weapons Prohibition Act of 1994 adds additional characteristics common to military firearms to define certain firearms as assault weapons. The ban expired on September 13, 2004, but many still use its criteria as a basis for defining attack weapons.
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In addition to federal law, many states have established additional limits with broader definitions of assault weapons. Three States in the assault weapons bans before the federal attack to ban weapons; California in 1989, New Jersey in 1990, and Connecticut in 1993. Four more followed; Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts and New York.
Many of these definitions use the same criteria as the 1994 assault weapons ban, but expand certain features. For example, some even ban high-capacity magazines, compensators, and muzzle brakes. Connecticut has the strictest assault weapons laws in place, with additional exceptions added in April 2013 after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting.
Firearms terminology and laws are often misused and misunderstood, especially by those involved in firearms writing and reporting. The Journalist's Guide to Guns addresses these questions, explaining the mishandling of firearms and dispelling common gun myths.
Your browser does not seem to have cookies enabled. Wait, make cookies in your browser and refresh the page. This article is about a criminal act. For the offensive attack, see Assault (injury). For others, see Attack (pronounced).
Assault Rifle (definition)
Assault is an offensive act
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